The pituitary gland has different types of glandular cells, each type of glandular cell secretes a corresponding type of hormone and simultaneously affects other organs or endocrine glands of the body. The anterior pituitary gland produces hormones that have the effect of regulating the body's activities on a very wide range. The anterior pituitary gland secretes at least seven different types of hormones while the posterior pituitary gland produces only two types of hormones.

The hypothalamus is one of the most important parts of the body, it connects the endocrine system to the nervous system and its main job is to work with the pituitary gland to start or stop hormone production.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has become a worldwide epidemic with increasing numbers of people being exposed as a result of contact sports, motor vehicle accidents or war.