Hyperosmolar coma in diabetic patients is a very serious complication with a high mortality rate of up to 20-30%, higher than diabetic ketoacidosis. This phenomenon often occurs in elderly people with diabetes.

Two of the most common complications of diabetes are hyperosmolarity and ketoacidosis. Ketoacidosis causes a series of metabolic disorders, severe acute decompensation that can lead to death. Clinical symptoms tend to be urgent and progress rapidly, need to be detected and treated quickly to avoid unfortunate consequences.

Blood osmolarity is a term used to describe the osmotic concentration of a solution. Blood osmolarity or osmotic pressure is determined by measuring the number of osmotically active molecules in the plasma. Blood osmolarity testing helps assess the state of water and electrolyte imbalance in the body so that appropriate solutions can be found to meet the body's fluid needs.