Anesthesia is the medical term for drugs that are used before, during, or during surgery to ensure that the patient does not feel pain during the procedure. In some cases, the drug makes the patient feel like they are asleep and when they wake up from the anesthesia, they won't remember what happened.

Pain during labor is felt differently by each mother depending on her physiology, psychology, and pain threshold. However, 70% of mothers feel severe or unbearable pain. Epidural anesthesia is the most effective and suitable pain relief technique for mothers and fetuses.

Anesthesia and general anesthesia are commonly used anesthetic methods in surgery, helping patients not feel pain during the procedure.

Nerve block is one of the effective pain relief treatments, especially for patients with lumbar spine pain, neck and shoulder pain, or even for terminal cancer patients who are suffering from severe pain every day. So who are the indications and contraindications for nerve block?

Although epidural analgesia is generally considered safe, some risks are suspected. Most side effects are related to the drugs used, for example hypotension and motor blockade due to local anesthetics and nausea and itching due to opioids.

The effect of allogeneic blood transfusion; The effect of psychological stress; The effect of perioperative hypothermia on cancer recurrence as well as retrospective clinical evidence of the association between regional anesthesia and cancer recurrence will be discussed in the article.

Few studies have used predicted discharge criteria to assess length of hospital stay. There is a need for a multimodal, rapid postoperative recovery program that reduces perioperative complications and length of hospital stay without compromising patient safety, in which epidural analgesia is a key component.

The following are the effects of surgery, Effects of anesthesia, Nitrous oxide, Propofol, Ketamine on host immune function and metastasis,

Current data are sufficient to generate a hypothesis that an anesthetic approach in primary cancer surgery may influence recurrence or metastasis, but a causal relationship can only be demonstrated by prospective, randomized, clinical trials.

Epidural analgesia was once an effective method often considered the “gold standard” for postoperative pain management. However, recent evidence-based data have shown that the benefits of epidural analgesia are not as significant as previously thought.

In many cancers, wide surgical excision and primary tumor resection are the mainstay of treatment, however, metastatic recurrence is common. Recent evidence suggests that certain perioperative factors may directly affect cancer cells and also influence cell-mediated immunity, potentially promoting the development of metastases.