Esophageal cancer (EC) is the 10th most common cancer and the 8th leading cause of cancer death worldwide, with more than 80% of deaths occurring in developing countries. The epidemiology of esophageal cancer has undergone significant change worldwide over the past 30 years. Esophageal cancer is primarily composed of two distinct histological subtypes: squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and adenocarcinoma (EAC).

Esophageal cancer is the 8th most common cancer in the world and has the poorest prognosis because when clinically detected, the tumor is often at an advanced stage.

Esophageal cancer (EC) is the 10th most common cancer and the 8th leading cause of death worldwide with more than 80% of deaths in developing countries. The epidemiology of esophageal cancer has undergone a significant change worldwide over the past 30 years. Esophageal cancers mainly fall into two distinct histological subtypes: squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and adenocarcinoma (EAC).

Esophageal cancer is a malignant lesion of cells originating from the esophagus, which can occur in any location of the esophagus, and is more common in men than in women. The mortality rate from esophageal cancer ranks 8th among cancers in the world, the incidence rate varies from region to region. However, most diseases are related to smoking and alcohol consumption or nutritional habits and obesity.