The most common atypical presentation of GERD may include ear, nose, and throat (ENT) symptoms, pulmonary (chronic cough or asthma), or cardiac symptoms (noncardiac chest pain). Therefore, GERD should be strongly considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with atypical symptoms when alternative diagnoses have been ruled out by another specialist (ear, nose and throat surgeon, physician) cardiologist, pulmonologist, allergist).

Beginning in 1968, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) was a turning point in the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic diseases. Therefore, an accurate indication for this screening is important given the potential side effects associated with the procedure. Early recognition and appropriate management of potential adverse events are essential to reduce associated morbidity and mortality.

Crohn's disease is a regional inflammatory bowel disease that can occur in all subjects regardless of gender or age, including children, but most patients with Crohn's disease are between 16-30 and 60-80 years old. The cause of the disease is still not determined with certainty, if not detected early and treated, it can cause many dangerous complications.

Gastrointestinal bleeding is a common disease, often diagnosed based on clinical symptoms. To make a definitive diagnosis, it is necessary to rely on paraclinical methods in which gastrointestinal endoscopy is the main method. However, in many cases where patients are contraindicated for endoscopy, multi-slice CT scan is an effective way to diagnose gastrointestinal bleeding with outstanding advantages.