Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) includes two main types, ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). It is now accepted that both groups of patients have an increased risk of developing cancer-associated colitis (CAC).

Before AI-assisted cytology becomes a common practice, significant barriers such as patient acceptance or regulatory issues need to be carefully addressed. This is because the development of CAD and AI algorithms can accelerate, shape, and improve decision making in the management of colorectal lesions.

Cytoscopic endoscopy provides a high-quality, time-saving, low-cost diagnostic procedure that is capable of detailed detection and characterization of gastrointestinal tumors, and determining the extent of cancer cell transformation by visualizing cell size changes, dyspolarization, and nuclear deformation.