Chemotherapy affects the development of hair follicles in the degenerative stage, causing hair roots to not develop normally and to break easily. Hair loss due to chemotherapy on the entire scalp, although it cannot be prevented, will stop when treatment is stopped.

Stage 4 colon cancer has spread to distant organs and tissues in the body. This type of cancer usually metastasizes mainly to the liver, sometimes to the lungs, peritoneum, brain, or distant lymph nodes. Treatment for metastatic colon cancer often involves a combination of different approaches, such as surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or targeted therapy.

Biologic therapy is a treatment for cancer by acting on the immune system to help the body fight off malignant cells. Applying cancer biologic therapy may also reduce some of the side effects caused by other cancer treatments.

Compared with chemotherapy, which uses more specific targeted drugs, the side effects of targeted therapies are also different from chemotherapy.