Subjects have a higher risk of early pregnancy loss than others

This is an automatically translated article.

The article was professionally consulted by Specialist Doctor I Le Thi Phuong - Obstetrician and Gynecologist - Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology - Vinmec Ha Long International Hospital
Early miscarriage is always a concern of women of reproductive age, especially women who are pregnant for the first time. There are many factors that are known by word of mouth to be the cause of an early miscarriage, but that is not the case. The most common early signs of miscarriage are abdominal cramps and vaginal bleeding. Usually an early miscarriage occurs before the 13th week of pregnancy (first trimester), with other names such as miscarriage, spontaneous abortion...

1. Causes of Early Miscarriage

About half of early miscarriages are caused by a rare condition in which the fetus receives an abnormal number of chromosomes. Chromosomes are structures inside cells that carry genetic information.
Most cells have 23 pairs of chromosomes with a total of 46 chromosomes. Sperm and egg each carry 23 chromosomes. During conception, when the sperm and egg combine, the two chromosomes will stick together. If the egg or sperm carry an abnormal number of chromosomes, the resulting embryo will also have a change in the number of chromosomes.

2. Will certain activities cause an early miscarriage?

Some women think they did something wrong that led to the miscarriage, but working out, exercising, having sex, or using birth control pills before getting pregnant doesn't cause a miscarriage. Morning sickness does not cause a miscarriage. Some women who have had a miscarriage also believe that this happened because of a fall, bloated stomach, or even a time of extreme fear, which is not true.
Research has shown that: tobacco, alcoholic beverages, stimulants are the main factors that lead to miscarriage. Some studies suggest that tobacco use increases the risk of miscarriage while others suggest it does not.
Alcohol use during the first 3 months of pregnancy may increase the risk of miscarriage, but this research has not been shown to be true. But in any case, pregnant women should avoid using tobacco and alcohol to ensure the best for the fetus. Consuming equal to or less than 200mg (2 cups of coffee)/day does not increase the risk of miscarriage.

3. Are some women more likely to have an early miscarriage than others?

The rate of early miscarriage usually increases with age. One-third of early miscarriages occur in women over the age of 40.

4. Signs and symptoms of an early miscarriage?

Vaginal bleeding and abdominal cramps are the most common signs of an early miscarriage. Vaginal bleeding and abdominal pain in early pregnancy are relatively common. Usually the bleeding will stop on its own and the pregnancy will go on as usual. But bleeding and abdominal pain can also be symptoms of an ectopic pregnancy. If you experience these symptoms, see a specialist right away.

5. How is an early miscarriage diagnosed?

If you are experiencing symptoms of an early miscarriage, your doctor will do a physical exam, and your obstetrician will need information such as when you started bleeding, how much blood is flowing, and whether you have abdominal pain. .
The doctor will order an ultrasound to check whether the embryo is still developing in the uterus or to check the fetal heart. You will probably need a blood test that quantifies Beta hCG, which is secreted by the developing placenta. Low or decreased Beta hCG can be the basis for the diagnosis of early miscarriage. There are also cases where multiple ultrasounds and beta hCG blood tests are required to determine if it is an early miscarriage.

6. If I have a miscarriage, will I have to apply any treatment?

During a miscarriage, some tissue may remain in the uterus, which must be removed. There are many ways to remove these tissues. If it's not an emergency, you may have treatment options, which carry the same risk of infection and bleeding.
If you have Rh negative blood type, you may be prescribed immunoglobulin injections after a miscarriage to reduce the risk of early miscarriage in the future if the mother is Rh negative and the fetus is Rh positive.

7. Are there any non-surgical options for early miscarriage?

If you do not have any symptoms of infection, one option is to wait for the tissue to clear naturally, which can be up to 2 weeks or longer in some cases. Another method is to use drugs to expel residual tissue.

8. What will I experience when choosing non-surgical treatment?

You will have vaginal bleeding, in a larger amount and for a longer time than your period. Abdominal cramps, diarrhea, and nausea may also occur. Along with the blood and tissues being expelled, the fetal tissue will resemble a blood clot.
You will then be ordered to perform an ultrasound and hCG blood test to identify all ejected tissue. Otherwise, you may need surgery.

9. What are the surgical methods for early miscarriage?

Surgery is recommended if you already have symptoms of infection, heavy vaginal bleeding, and other health problems. One of the surgical methods is vacuum aspiration, in which a small tube attached to a suction device is inserted into the uterus to remove tissue. Another option is dilation and curettage, where the cervix is ​​dilated to allow the device to be inserted to remove the fetal tissue, and is performed in the operating room under general or regional anaesthesia.

10. Recovery from an early miscarriage?

After an early miscarriage, the patient is advised not to put or insert anything into the vagina, such as tampons or sexual intercourse for 1-2 weeks, to prevent infection. Note that you should see a doctor as soon as you have the following symptoms:
Heavy vaginal bleeding Fever Tremors Severe pain

11. Can I get pregnant again after an early miscarriage?

First trimester miscarriage usually only happens once. Most women can go on to have a normal pregnancy, rarely having recurrent miscarriages. You should be tested and evaluated for miscarriage risk to find the cause if you have had multiple miscarriages.

12. How soon can I get pregnant again?

You can ovulate and get pregnant as soon as 2 weeks after an early pregnancy loss, but this is not recommended. If you don't want to get pregnant right away, use birth control. You can wait until your period returns to try to get pregnant.
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Articles refer to the source: acog.org